This film won five Oscars 'Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction, Best Visual Effects, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Sound Editing'
Hugo is Scorsese's first film shot in 3D, of which the filmmaker said "I found 3D to be really interesting, because the actors were more upfront emotionally. Their slightest move, their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_(film)
I'm going to explain all of this photos with SFX methods.
At the start, I can tell that scene is full of CGI objects. My guess is about 10 to 20 3D artists to created each the objects for example, they can make everything like the dust to earth. The 3D artists chose the sky image as 2D object because they make the computer ram's free space for the 3D objects. When The 3D objects' colour did not match other colour then the 3D artists use 'curve tool'. It can adjust the colour to match with other the colour and to make them looked realist. You can find 'Curve tool' in After effect or other SFX maker software. This camera's flying movement was creating by the 3D software in the computer. It's impossible for cameraman to do it on their own skills.
When the camera get closer then you might see the 3D objects with low detail change them into high detail. If the 3D artists put them with high detail from the start. They can cause rendering too long like 11 hours for 1 scene, getting errors or making the camera moving lagging. The steam from the train was creating by the 3D software. They looked unreal if they put cloud clips into it. Because the cloud clip is 2D object so that mean they look like cardboard then the camera move.
When the camera go into low mid air, you can see people walking and steam. It would be hard for the 3D artists/SFX editor see where the steam get light come from.
They switch to the light only mode, it help them to see where the light come from and to adjust the light and the steam. After Effect or 3D software can do it.
Some SFX editors used After Effect to remove the green screen background. The people clips follow the camera's movement at same time by using Tracker in After Effect or other matchmoving softwares. You can see blur on the people clips and other 3D objects. I can tell that they use 'Motion blur' when the 3D or 2D objects are very blur if the camera movement is speed up. They are a bit blur when the camera movement is slow. The people clips are not just front on the layers. Some of them are behind the steam or the people clips.
You can see the green line on the 3D objects. These many green lines show you that they are high detail.
When the camera go into the heavy steam. The viewer can't see what is behind the heavy steam. The editor cut it and put 'fade out' effect in. It make the scene 1 fade into scene 2. So this mean it can trick the viewer thinking it is keeping filming all way here from the start. The scene 1 use the camera's fly movement from the comptuer and the scene 2 use the real camera movement on the large crane-car.
I can tell why the editors cut it into the 2 scenes. Because their computer rams can't handle lots of 3D objects. The scene 2 have lot of 2D objects than 3D objects. If they did not make the 2 scenes then they cause their computer froze.
This area is artworks, their sizes are same as kid's playhouse. they try to recreate the shot to match with the famous photo of the train crash. SFX editors adjust the colour and remove the green screen. They put the image of cloud behind the building in the layers.
There are two different shots, one main shot use by the professional camera and one small shot use by the action camera known as 'GoPro Hero' camera. They show you what is different between these shots. The small shot show you that green screen is behind the window and the wall behind her.
When camera turn to her behind. Then the small shot show you the wall is moving away for giving the camera free space to film at her.
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